Summary

Congolese Rumba is a popular music genre that developed in the Democratic Republic of the Congo around the mid-twentieth century. It has a slow to moderate speed and combines elements of swing, blues, and African traditional music. The origins of Cuban Rumba may be traced back to Congo and the African rhythms carried over by slaves to Havana, Cuba.

HistoryOriginating from the "waist"-themed nkumba dance, which is a classic Kikongo dance. According to folklore, the Kumba dance, which means "Come together," was the precursor to the Rumba. Instruments were made to imitate the sounds of nearby birds, animals, trees, and other natural objects.
The Portuguese arrived in the area around 1482 and eventually destroyed everything except for the drums and musical instruments. They also reconstructed their culture and music, which was Kumba, because the word K is not Spanish, the term "Rumba" comes to mind.
Elements 
Form and Style

It has a slow to moderate speed and combines elements of swing, blues, and African traditional music. The beat is centered on a syncopated pattern of drums and percussion, with guitar, bass, and horns accompanying it.

Singing Style

Congolese Rumba singing is distinguished by its emotive and soulful delivery, as well as its use of harmonies and call-and-response rhythms. The vocals are generally performed in French and Lingala, and they frequently include a wide spectrum of expression, such as vibrato, falsetto, and melismatic embellishments.

Theme

The theme of Congolese rumba are wide and frequently mirror current social and political situations. Love, relationships, ordinary life, and political or social criticism are all prominent subjects. The song frequently praises Africa's beauty and culture while also tackling social and political concerns such as poverty, injustice, and corruption.

Culture

Rumba has its roots in the traditional Kikongo dance called "nkumba," which means "waist." According to folklore, Rumba originated as a dance called "Kumba," meaning "Come together," involving close physical contact and the rubbing of belly buttons. The musical instruments used in Rumba were inspired by the sounds of nature, such as birds, animals, and trees. However, after the arrival of the Portuguese in 1482, much of the culture was destroyed, except for the drums and musical instruments. The Congolese people then created a new religion in Avanna called Pato Mayembe and re-created their music and culture, which was originally Kumba. The name was changed to Rumba because the letter "K" is not used in Spanish.

Timbre

Congolese rumba is distinguished by the usage of acoustic instruments such as guitars, percussion instruments such as drums, maracas, and shakers, and occasionally horns and accordions.

Arrangement

4/4 is a common time signature in rumba music. Early Congolese had strong Cuban characteristics, which also influenced the belle button intimate dance. Rumba music from Cuba is frequently performed with loud drums and a steady, smooth pace. The beat progressively changed as the tempo of soukous grew; the continual "circle motion" of the hips has since become the dance of the Congo.